ایران زیبا

Carpet raw materials

Since ancient times, this beautiful weave was woven with cream wool threads obtained from sheep's wool or goat hair, after the passage of time, cotton thread was added to the carpet texture, and today sometimes with synthetic threads such as: acrylic, chrome and aniline. It is woven. Also, the colors used in traditional types have always been natural, but nowadays chemical materials and dyes are also used.

The history of the carpet

After man was able to make clothing from animal skin, he gradually thought of using wool and skin for bedding. When humans invented wool spinning, because they are always preparing comfort items, carpet weaving was created so that humans no longer sit on the dry and cold ground.

Based on historical evidence, the history of this beautiful and valuable art reaches 2500 years before Christ; The oldest woven carpet from this era was discovered among the ancient Egyptian artifacts.

Areas of carpet texture

In addition to Iran, this hand art is produced in various countries of the Middle East such as: China, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, etc. In our country, in addition to the tribes and nomads, there is this beautiful product in the provinces of Khorasan, Fars, Kurdistan, Baluchistan, Yazd, Azerbaijan, Kermanshah, etc.

Patterns used in the carpet

The designs used in these kinds of weaves are generally geometric patterns that have different shapes, such as: triangles, rhombuses, hexagons, and squares. Of course, many original and traditional motifs decorate the face of Iranian rugs, which sometimes take the shape of animals and nature, and sometimes are cashmere, flowers, and bushes. The different designs used in these arts depend on the type and region in which they are woven.

Carpet weaving steps

Like a carpet, after it has been installed, different steps are taken to weave the rug, which you will get to know briefly below:

• Chelekhesh: It is the first step for weaving, during which two ropes of the desired size are tied parallel to the under-bar, which is called string, and the beginning of the cotton thread is tied to the left or right end of the under-bar; Then the ball of cotton thread is passed behind the first string and in front of the second string, and it is taken from the top of the string to the back and taken out from the lower part of the string.
• Closing Koji wood: It is a cylindrical wood whose diameter is usually 4 cm and the width is the size of the device.
• Fixing the chelas: because during weaving they hit the work for more density and compression of the wefts, the chelas must be fixed so that they do not move and the shape of the rug does not get messed up; For this purpose, they usually apply a little glue on the buckets.
• Chain weaving: This work is usually done before weaving, to speed up the weaving.

Iranian carpet weaving methods

Two methods are defined for Iranian carpet weaving:

• Wefting method: In this method, only weft thread and warp thread or chele are used for weaving, in this way, colored weft threads are passed from the bottom and top of the warp threads, and with the change of the weft color, different patterns appear on the work. In this way, it becomes smooth and uniform on top and bottom.
• Twisted weft method: In this method, artists use another thin weft in addition to the warp and weft threads to weave the rug, in such a way that the wefts pass through the middle of the threads by twisting them, and then the thin weft passes through them and that They beat it with a comb and make it uniform. This method, which is similar to carpet weaving, is considered to be the connection point between carpet weaving and the emergence of the art of carpet weaving.

Types of carpets in terms of texture

In general, in different regions, rugs have three texture models:

• Simple weaving: these models have one side and are not woven from a predetermined plan, the role of these rugs is generally geometric, and in their weaving, the wefts are passed one by one through the middle of the threads.
• Embossed pattern: In this type of fabric, the background is simple and its designs are placed on it in an embossed or tufted form; These designs are knitted from the carpet map on the threads of the carpet, and in the final stage, the additional piles are arranged.
• Verni:
• The texture of this model is without piles and it does not have more than one side. The production of this rug is done without a plan and mentally by artists. This product originally belongs to Azerbaijan, but it is also woven in Kurdistan and Kerman with different designs, and the best Verni is woven by Il Shahson in Iran, which has a long history among them.

All kinds of rugs

Each of the nomads and tribes in different regions of Iran has its own carpet; In the following, you will get to know the types of these products that are produced by different Iranian tribes.

• Shahsuni:

One of the famous Iranian clans is Shahson, whose most important rugs are very delicate and known as Sumak, and in the local dialect, it is also called Verni. The designs of these types of handwovens are mostly animal motifs such as deer, horses and birds and are decorated with geometrical shapes, they are produced with rough and dry wool and the variety of their role is so much that it is rare to find two works woven by this family. also found

It should be noted that the best traditional horse saddles in our country are produced by the carpet weaving method and by Shahson tribe.

• Larry:

Lor people in Iran produce very high quality rugs, among which large rugs for keeping household items are considered their best product, and they strengthen its edge with a method known as carpet weaving. These handwovens are known for their geometric and animal motifs specific to these regions and their colors are usually green, black, blue and white.

• Fifth:

This type of carpet belongs to the five tribes of Shirazi, and the name Khamsa refers to the intermingling of these five tribes in this province. Among them, two tribes speak Arabic, two tribes speak Turkish, and one of them, which is known as Basri, speaks Persian.

Their braids are sumac, which is known as ten willow; The design of these products mostly has a dark background on which stars are woven diagonally and in the form of tangled rhombuses.

• Balochi:

The design and color of these weaves are derived from the climatic conditions of the Baloch people. The patterns of these rugs are striped and different designs and colors are used in each row. The handwoven fabrics of these tribes use dark colors such as: liver, dark blue, camel and brown, and of course bright colors such as: green, red and yellow are also considered as their characteristics.

• Hersin:

This area in Kermanshah province is one of the most important carpet weaving centers in Iran; Perhaps the most important feature of this type of carpet is that the artist weaves it with the help of his taste and according to the environmental conditions. The border designs and their background are small and colorful in such a way that you cannot find an empty space between the characters.

The artists of this region use goat's wool on the edge of this rug because it is resistant to willow, and navy blue, green, white, red, and magenta colors are usually used in its texture.

• Qashqai:

The diversity of designs and colors of the weaves of this tribe is known because they are woven either in the Atrak place or when migrating and the abundance of natural landscapes around the artist created this diversity. The main role of this rug is geometric and animal designs, such as: eight-pointed star, octagon and images of goat, peacock and deer.

• Age:

This product, which is specific to Sanandaj, is produced very delicately and with high quality, and most of its designs are called Herati motifs with bushy designs and diagonal lines. The Sane rug has a very beautiful and famous design, in which there is a tranji pattern in the middle, and the background is colorful, and a delicate bush design is also visible in it.

• Turkmen:

The most important feature is its color, among which bright red plays the main role; In this strong and light rug, the designs are grouped according to a main pattern called flowers and they are woven in six and eight-sided patterns. In the Turkmen model, each flower represents a family.

• Genius:

This type of carpet has a small and grooved texture and is long and durable; These braids are produced in Saveh, Zarand and Qazvin villages.

• Afshari:

This design has a natural or garlic color background with many stars printed on it; In the Afshar rug, star flowers are seen in the form of intertwined rhombuses, which are placed diagonally next to each other.

Carpet raw materials

Since ancient times, this beautiful weave was woven with cream wool threads obtained from sheep's wool or goat hair, after the passage of time, cotton thread was added to the carpet texture, and today sometimes with synthetic threads such as: acrylic, chrome and aniline. It is woven. Also, the colors used in traditional types have always been natural, but nowadays chemical materials and dyes are also used.

The history of the carpet

After man was able to make clothing from animal skin, he gradually thought of using wool and skin for bedding. When humans invented wool spinning, because they are always preparing comfort items, carpet weaving was created so that humans no longer sit on the dry and cold ground.

Based on historical evidence, the history of this beautiful and valuable art reaches 2500 years before Christ; The oldest woven carpet from this era was discovered among the ancient Egyptian artifacts.

Areas of carpet texture

In addition to Iran, this hand art is produced in various countries of the Middle East such as: China, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, etc. In our country, in addition to the tribes and nomads, there is this beautiful product in the provinces of Khorasan, Fars, Kurdistan, Baluchistan, Yazd, Azerbaijan, Kermanshah, etc.

Patterns used in the carpet

The designs used in these kinds of weaves are generally geometric patterns that have different shapes, such as: triangles, rhombuses, hexagons, and squares. Of course, many original and traditional motifs decorate the face of Iranian rugs, which sometimes take the shape of animals and nature, and sometimes are cashmere, flowers, and bushes. The different designs used in these arts depend on the type and region in which they are woven.

Carpet weaving steps

Like a carpet, after it has been installed, different steps are taken to weave the rug, which you will get to know briefly below:

• Chelekhesh: It is the first step for weaving, during which two ropes of the desired size are tied parallel to the under-bar, which is called string, and the beginning of the cotton thread is tied to the left or right end of the under-bar; Then the ball of cotton thread is passed behind the first string and in front of the second string, and it is taken from the top of the string to the back and taken out from the lower part of the string.
• Closing Koji wood: It is a cylindrical wood whose diameter is usually 4 cm and the width is the size of the device.
• Fixing the chelas: because during weaving they hit the work for more density and compression of the wefts, the chelas must be fixed so that they do not move and the shape of the rug does not get messed up; For this purpose, they usually apply a little glue on the buckets.
• Chain weaving: This work is usually done before weaving, to speed up the weaving.

Iranian carpet weaving methods

Two methods are defined for Iranian carpet weaving:

• Wefting method: In this method, only weft thread and warp thread or chele are used for weaving, in this way, colored weft threads are passed from the bottom and top of the warp threads, and with the change of the weft color, different patterns appear on the work. In this way, it becomes smooth and uniform on top and bottom.
• Twisted weft method: In this method, artists use another thin weft in addition to the warp and weft threads to weave the rug, in such a way that the wefts pass through the middle of the threads by twisting them, and then the thin weft passes through them and that They beat it with a comb and make it uniform. This method, which is similar to carpet weaving, is considered to be the connection point between carpet weaving and the emergence of the art of carpet weaving.

Types of carpets in terms of texture

In general, in different regions, rugs have three texture models:

• Simple weaving: these models have one side and are not woven from a predetermined plan, the role of these rugs is generally geometric, and in their weaving, the wefts are passed one by one through the middle of the threads.
• Embossed pattern: In this type of fabric, the background is simple and its designs are placed on it in an embossed or tufted form; These designs are knitted from the carpet map on the threads of the carpet, and in the final stage, the additional piles are arranged.
• Verni:
• The texture of this model is without piles and it does not have more than one side. The production of this rug is done without a plan and mentally by artists. This product originally belongs to Azerbaijan, but it is also woven in Kurdistan and Kerman with different designs, and the best Verni is woven by Il Shahson in Iran, which has a long history among them.

All kinds of rugs

Each of the nomads and tribes in different regions of Iran has its own carpet; In the following, you will get to know the types of these products that are produced by different Iranian tribes.

• Shahsuni:

One of the famous Iranian clans is Shahson, whose most important rugs are very delicate and known as Sumak, and in the local dialect, it is also called Verni. The designs of these types of handwovens are mostly animal motifs such as deer, horses and birds and are decorated with geometrical shapes, they are produced with rough and dry wool and the variety of their role is so much that it is rare to find two works woven by this family. also found

It should be noted that the best traditional horse saddles in our country are produced by the carpet weaving method and by Shahson tribe.

• Larry:

Lor people in Iran produce very high quality rugs, among which large rugs for keeping household items are considered their best product, and they strengthen its edge with a method known as carpet weaving. These handwovens are known for their geometric and animal motifs specific to these regions and their colors are usually green, black, blue and white.

• Fifth:

This type of carpet belongs to the five tribes of Shirazi, and the name Khamsa refers to the intermingling of these five tribes in this province. Among them, two tribes speak Arabic, two tribes speak Turkish, and one of them, which is known as Basri, speaks Persian.

Their braids are sumac, which is known as ten willow; The design of these products mostly has a dark background on which stars are woven diagonally and in the form of tangled rhombuses.

• Balochi:

The design and color of these weaves are derived from the climatic conditions of the Baloch people. The patterns of these rugs are striped and different designs and colors are used in each row. The handwoven fabrics of these tribes use dark colors such as: liver, dark blue, camel and brown, and of course bright colors such as: green, red and yellow are also considered as their characteristics.

• Hersin:

This area in Kermanshah province is one of the most important carpet weaving centers in Iran; Perhaps the most important feature of this type of carpet is that the artist weaves it with the help of his taste and according to the environmental conditions. The border designs and their background are small and colorful in such a way that you cannot find an empty space between the characters.

The artists of this region use goat's wool on the edge of this rug because it is resistant to willow, and navy blue, green, white, red, and magenta colors are usually used in its texture.

• Qashqai:

The diversity of designs and colors of the weaves of this tribe is known because they are woven either in the Atrak place or when migrating and the abundance of natural landscapes around the artist created this diversity. The main role of this rug is geometric and animal designs, such as: eight-pointed star, octagon and images of goat, peacock and deer.

• Age:

This product, which is specific to Sanandaj, is produced very delicately and with high quality, and most of its designs are called Herati motifs with bushy designs and diagonal lines. The Sane rug has a very beautiful and famous design, in which there is a tranji pattern in the middle, and the background is colorful, and a delicate bush design is also visible in it.

• Turkmen:

The most important feature is its color, among which bright red plays the main role; In this strong and light rug, the designs are grouped according to a main pattern called flowers and they are woven in six and eight-sided patterns. In the Turkmen model, each flower represents a family.

• Genius:

This type of carpet has a small and grooved texture and is long and durable; These braids are produced in Saveh, Zarand and Qazvin villages.

• Afshari:

This design has a natural or garlic color background with many stars printed on it; In the Afshar rug, star flowers are seen in the form of intertwined rhombuses, which are placed diagonally next to each other.